Fig. 1: Historical loss weakens competitive performance of mice during food competition.

a Schematic diagram of food competition. Two food-restricted mice (1 control mice and 1 HL mouse) compete for an indivisible food pellet in home cage. b The cumulative time that the mice occupied the food pellet during the food competition trial (**P < 0.01 and ***P < 0.001, n = 11 for each group). c Left, the winning rate of mice in each bout of scramble during competition task (P < 0.001, n = 11 for each group). Right, total food occupancy time of mice in the food competition task (P < 0.0001, n = 11 for each group). d The postural features extracted from video frames for subsequent behavior assessment. e Food competition behavioral labels by behavior classification. f UMAP plot showing all video clips color-coded by behavioral classification of food competition behaviors from 41 videos (32,216 points). g Example trials with defined behavioral labels. Fewer identity swaps of defender correspond to fewer snatch behaviors. h The UMAP plot of video clips color-coded by behavioral classification in Con round (Con mice as challengers) and HL round (HL mice as challengers) during a representative food competition trial. i Percentage of frames that correspond to specific behavioral class out of the total frames in Con and HL round, n = 11 mice for each group (*P < 0.05 and **P < 0.01, n = 11 for each group). j The duration and frequency of specific behavioral class in Con and HL round. Snatch duration, P = 0.0009; Snatch events, P = 0.5092; Retreat duration, P = 0.5353; Retreat events, P = 0.0037; n = 11 mice.