Fig. 8: Heterogeneous TME of immunotherapy responder and non-responder CRC patients and the working model for ResNet18-based deep learning.

Immunotherapy-sensitive CRC presents higher infiltration of C1QC+ RTM and CD4+ T cell pair and lower fibroblasts than immunotherapy-resistant CRC. ResNet18-based deep learning further effectively dissects the detailed spatial topology of the CRC TME and highlights the vital role of C1QC.