Fig. 2: CD62L⁺ Kupffer cells are enriched in early liver metastatic niche.

a–f scRNA-seq analyses of macrophages in livers of nude mice on day 7 after intrasplenic injection of MDA-MB-231 or LvM16. Shown are t-SNE map of 10 macrophage subclusters (a), expression of typical marker genes of various macrophage types in the subclusters (b), t-SNE distribution (c) and abundance (d) of macrophage subclusters in MDA-MB-231 and LvM16-inoculated livers, unsupervised transcriptional trajectory of KC differentiation, colored by cell clusters or pseudotime (e), and Cd62l expression levels in KC subclusters 4, 6 and 9 (f). g Flow cytometry analyses of CD62L⁺ KC abundance in livers of mice inoculated with PBS or different cancer cells (top, n = 3 mice), and in primary KCs treated by CM of different cancer cells (bottom, n = 3 biological repeats). h IF analysis of CD62L⁺ KCs in livers inoculated with PBS or different cancer cells (zoomed areas shown at bottom). P values were obtained by two-tailed unpaired t-test; NS, not significant. Scale bars, 50 μm. Data are shown as mean ± SEM (f) or mean ± SD (others).