Fig. 5: EK1C4 broadly and potently inhibited cell–cell fusion and PsV infection mediated by S protein of divergent HCoVs.

a–h Inhibitory activity of EK1C4 in cell–cell fusion mediated by the S proteins of SARS-CoV (a), MERS-CoV (b), HCoV-OC43 (c), HCoV-229E (d), HCoV-NL63 (e), WIV1 (f), Rs3367 (g) and SHC014 (h). i–o Inhibitory activity of EK1C4 in PsV infection assays against SARS-CoV (i), MERS-CoV (j), HCoV-OC43 (k), HCoV-229E (l), NL63 (m), WIV1 (n) and Rs3367 (o). Experiments were repeated twice, and the data are expressed as means ± SD.