Fig. 1: RBP-mediated regulation of immune responses in autoimmunity and autoinflammation.

Immunity and inflammation are tightly controlled by regulatory networks, including epigenetic, metabolic and immunological factors. Abnormal activation of PRRs-triggered innate immunity leads to aberrant production of proinflammatory cytokines and type I IFNs, and activation of innate immune cells. The subsequent dysregulations of T cell- and B cell-dependent adaptive immunity play important roles in the breakdown of self-tolerance and the development of autoimmune pathology. RBPs are critical for mediating multi-level regulation of immune responses during autoimmunity and autoinflammation. RBPs are shown in yellow boxes next to immune responses that they target. RBPs that activate inflammatory responses or promote autoimmune pathogenesis are shown in red and those that inhibit inflammatory responses or limit autoimmune pathogenesis are shown in green. ADAR1 adenosine deaminase acting on RNA 1, SKIV2L superkiller viralicidic activity 2-like, hnRNP M heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein M, hnRNP UL1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein UL1, TTP tristetraprolin, HuR human antigen R, TIA-1 T-cell restricted intracellular antigen-1, hnRNP A2B1 heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2B1, G3BP1 GTPase-activating protein SH3 domain-binding protein 1, Arid5a AT-rich interactive domain-containing protein 5a, Mettl3 methyltransferase like 3, SRSF1 serine and arginine-rich splicing factor 1, ZFP36L1 zinc finger protein 36, C3H type-like 1, PTBP1 polypyrimidine tract binding protein 1, PRRs pattern recognition receptors, IFN interferon, IL interleukin, TNF tumor necrosis factor, Teff effector T cells, Treg regulatory T cells, Tfh follicular T helper cells, Tfr follicular regulatory T cells.