Fig. 1: α-MHC K1897 lactylation is decreased in mice and humans with heart failure.

a Flow chart showing LC-MS/MS analysis and bioinformatic analysis of control and Ang II-induced heart failure mice (n = 3 per group). b Heatmap of total 3417 expressed proteins of control and Ang II group cardiac samples, displayed individually for each biological replicate. Rows represented individual proteins detected by quantitative MS/MS. c Column graph of omics data showing the number of proteins, lactylation-modified proteins and lactylation sites identified by MS/MS. d Column graph showing protein quantitative distribution map based on protein lactylation sites identified by MS/MS in control and Ang II groups. e Venn diagram showing the shared and specific lactylation-modified proteins in control and Ang II groups. f Heatmap of 142 shared lactylation proteins in the control and Ang II-treated mice heart samples, displayed individually for each biological replicate. Rows represented individual proteins detected by quantitative MS/MS. g Venn diagram showing the shared and specific lactylation sites. h 14 differentially modified lactylation sites of the shared 483 lactylated modified sites in g, using cut offs of fold change > 1.5 or fold change < 0.67, and P value < 0.05. The selected 14 lactylated modified sites were ranked by fold change. i Each WT mouse heart was lysed and immunoprecipitated using anti-Pan Kla antibody or control IgG followed by detection of α-MHC. k Each WT mouse heart was lysed and immunoprecipitated using anti-α-MHC K1897 Lactyl Lysine antibody or control IgG followed by detection of α-MHC. j, l Hearts from control mice and Ang II-treated mice were lysed and immunoprecipitated with anti-α-MHC antibody or control IgG, followed by detection of Pan Kla (j) and α-MHC K1897 Lactyl Lysine (l). m Representative immunohistochemical (IHC) staining of BNP (left) and α-MHC K1897 Lactyl Lysine (right) in the myocardial tissue from normal individuals and heart failure patients. Negative controls were performed with rabbit IgG. n, o Quantification of the relative BNP and α-MHC K1897 Lactyl Lysine expression score. Data are presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) (n = 5, ***P < 0.001).