Table 2 Effects of 40 Hz flicker on sleep parameters in children with insomnia symptoms

From: 40 Hz light flickering promotes sleep through cortical adenosine signaling

 

Baseline (Day 1)

40 Hz (Day 2)

P-value

SOL (min)

35.5 (16.3–66.8)

16.5 (6.5–28.5)

<0.001***

TST (min)

468.5 (411.0–494.0)

532 (494.3–556.3)

<0.001***

SE (%)

81.40 (74.7–86.5)

90.4 (86.4–93.9)

<0.001***

WASO (min)

57.50 (33.3–98.5)

32(25.0–46.0)

<0.001***

AF (n)

19.7 ± 1.1

21.5 ± 1.1

0.106

REM SOL (min)

187.6 ± 10.21

138.7 ± 6.6

<0.001***

Light sleep, N1 + N2 (%)

66.7 (63.9–72.3)

65.6 (61.9–69.8)

0.100

Deep sleep, N3 (%)

14.8 ± 0.9

14.4 ± 0.7

0.612

REM (%)

18.5 (14.5–20.6)

19.4 (16.6–21.5)

0.025*

  1. n = 49. Data are presented as mean ± SEM or median (lower quartiles–upper quartiles).
  2. N1 + N2 light sleep, N3 deep sleep.
  3. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001.
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