Fig. 2: Three different phases of hPSC-based CRT when mDANs may die. | Cell Research

Fig. 2: Three different phases of hPSC-based CRT when mDANs may die.

From: Past, present, and future of cell replacement therapy for parkinson’s disease: a novel emphasis on host immune responses

Fig. 2

Schematic representation of the three phases in which mDANs can die. Phase 1 involves the in vitro differentiation of hPSCs into mDA cells, predominantly comprising mDAPs and mDANs, using optimized procedures. Phase 2 encompasses the harvesting and cryopreservation of in vitro differentiated mDA cells, emphasizing the critical steps of cryopreservation, storage, and thawing. In Phase 3, the final in vivo transplantation occurs, consisting of surgical transplantation, the early stage (< 2 weeks), and the late stage (> 2 weeks) of graft establishment. The potential challenges and considerations at each phase, including cell viability, immune responses, and environmental factors, are discussed for a comprehensive understanding of the optimization process in hPSC-based CRT for PD.

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