Fig. 1: Comparison of the binding and carboxylation mechanism of factor IX and osteocalcin. | Cell Research

Fig. 1: Comparison of the binding and carboxylation mechanism of factor IX and osteocalcin.

From: Osteocalcin has many tricks to get γ-carboxylated

Fig. 1

a Coagulation factors, such as factor IX, are recognized by the γ-carboxylase (GGCX) through strong binding of their propeptide (+++). This strong interaction facilitates efficient processivity of the enzyme, resulting in complete γ-carboxylation of the Glu residues (E). b Osteocalcin is recognized by GGCX through multiple weak interactions (+) involving its propeptide and two C-terminal helices. This may result in incomplete processing and undercarboxylation of osteocalcin on Glu17 (E17), allowing the production of bioactive osteocalcin. Created in BioRender.com.

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