Fig. 2
From: Antigen presentation, autoantibody production, and therapeutic targets in autoimmune liver disease
The application of multimeric pMHC-coated nanoparticles to induce tolerogenic TR1 cells, Bregs and Tregs. The application of multimeric pMHC complexes in the presence of IFNγ and TGFβ induces type 1 regulatory T cells (TR1 cells) that secrete IL-10 and TGFβ, as well as IL-21. This in turn aids the recruitment of B cells to the liver and induces tolerogenic Bregs and Tregs, which are both capable of secreting IL-10 and TGFβ, to impose tolerance and alleviate inflammation in AILDs
