Fig. 2

NF cells possess stronger cellular energy metabolism, including both mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis, than OF cells. a Metabolic results were obtained with a Seahorse XF analyzer. The ECAR was assessed after the addition of 25 mM glucose (gluc) and in response to the metabolic inhibitors oligomycin (oligo) and 2DG. O₂ consumption rates (OCRs) were measured in real time under basal conditions and in response to the indicated mitochondrial inhibitors (three repetitions, mean ± SEM). A1 Quantitative comparisons of mitochondrial functions, including basal respiration, maximum respiration, ATP production and spare respiration capacity, between NF cells and OF cells were performed. A2 Quantitative comparisons of glycolytic metabolism, including glycolysis, the glycolytic capacity and the glycolytic reserve, between NF cells and OF cells were performed. Data are representative of three independent experiments. b Gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA) identified similarities between OF cells and NF cells. The expression of glycolysis-related genes was upregulated in NF cells. c The heat map illustrates the expression of glycolysis-related genes in NF cells versus OF cells. Red: upregulated; blue: downregulated. d The distribution of mitochondria was observed by confocal microscopy, showing that NF cells possessed higher mitochondrial fluorescence than OF cells. Cells were stained by using MitoTracker (red), DAPI (blue) and an anti-Vδ2 antibody (green) for confocal visualization. e The fluorescence intensity of mitochondria was statistically analyzed by flow cytometry (three repetitions, mean ± SEM). *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001