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Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity

Cellular & Molecular Immunology volume 18, pages 878–888 (2021)Cite this article

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Abstract

Protein N-myristoylation is an important fatty acylation catalyzed by N-myristoyltransferases (NMTs), which are ubiquitous enzymes in eukaryotes. Specifically, attachment of a myristoyl group is vital for proteins participating in various biological functions, including signal transduction, cellular localization, and oncogenesis. Recent studies have revealed unexpected mechanisms indicating that protein N-myristoylation is involved in host defense against microbial and viral infections. In this review, we describe the current understanding of protein N-myristoylation (mainly focusing on myristoyl switches) and summarize its crucial roles in regulating innate immune responses, including TLR4-dependent inflammatory responses and demyristoylation-induced innate immunosuppression during Shigella flexneri infection. Furthermore, we examine the role of myristoylation in viral assembly, intracellular host interactions, and viral spread during human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) infection. Deeper insight into the relationship between protein N-myristoylation and innate immunity might enable us to clarify the pathogenesis of certain infectious diseases and better harness protein N-myristoylation for new therapeutics.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to apologize to those researchers whose related work we were not able to cite in this review. This work was supported by a special program from the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2016YFA0502500 to L.Z.), the Chinese National Natural Science Funds (U20A20393, 82041009, 31925013, 31671457, and 91753139 to L.Z.; 31871405 and 31571460 to F.Z.), Jiangsu National Science Foundation (BK20180043 and 19KJA550003 to F.Z.), the Zhejiang Natural Science Fund (LD19C070001 to L.Z.), the Key Project of University Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (19KJA550003), and a project funded by the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions.

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  1. These authors contributed equally: Bin Wang, Tong Dai, Wenhuan Sun, Yujun Wei

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Biology and Medical Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, 215123, China

    Bin Wang, Tong Dai, Wenhuan Sun & Fangfang Zhou

  2. Anhui Anlong Gene Technology Co., Ltd, Hefei, 230041, China

    Yujun Wei

  3. The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong, 518033, China

    Jiang Ren

  4. MOE Key Laboratory of Biosystems Homeostasis & Protection and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Life Sciences Institute, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China

    Long Zhang & Mengdi Zhang

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Contributions

B.W., T.D., W.S., and Y.W. contributed equally to this work. B.W., T.D., W.S., and Y.W. conceived and drafted the manuscript. W.B. prepared the figures. M.Z. and R.J. discussed the concepts of the manuscript. F.Z. and L.Z. provided valuable discussion and revised the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Fangfang Zhou.

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Wang, B., Dai, T., Sun, W. et al. Protein N-myristoylation: functions and mechanisms in control of innate immunity. Cell Mol Immunol 18, 878–888 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-021-00663-2

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