Fig. 1 | Cellular & Molecular Immunology

Fig. 1

From: The compartmentalized upper respiratory mucosa needs time to rally a sufficient immune force for SARS-CoV-2 clearance

Fig. 1

Kinetics of SARS-CoV-2 RNA titers of viral-specific antibodies in different clinical outcomes. A Natural recovery in vaccinated or nonvaccinated populations. B Individuals receiving direct-acting antiviral (DAA) treatment, such as paxlovid and molnupiravir. C Individuals experiencing viral RNA-positive retesting. D SARS-CoV-2 viral rebound in individuals receiving DAA treatment. E Illustration of the microenvironment in the mucosa surface of the lung and the upper respiratory tract. F Proposed SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA changes between the lung and the upper respiratory tract in vaccinees or individuals given therapeutic antibodies or antivirals. A–D Red line, SARS-CoV-2 viral RNA. Blue line, viral-specific antibody. Vaccinated, SARS-CoV-2-infected individuals receiving full-dose vaccine prior to infection. Nonvaccinated, vaccine-naive individuals infected with SARS-CoV-2. Cycle threshold, Ct = 30, the cutoff for live SARS-CoV-2 virus isolation. Ct = 35, the cutoff for patient discharge and a noninfectious stage. Ct = 40, the detection limit of viral RNA

Back to article page