Fig. 1: Mucosal antibody responses following infection or vaccination.
From: B-cell and antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2: infection, vaccination, and hybrid immunity
Systemic SARS-CoV-2 vaccination results in mucosal antibody responses dominated by IgG, whereas IgM and secretory dimeric IgA (sIgA) responses are low and very transient (left). After breakthrough infection, vaccinees display elevated IgG levels and a robust induction of sIgA in the respiratory mucosa (center). SARS-CoV-2 convalescent patients display moderate levels of IgG, IgM, and sIgA responses, and vaccination reinvigorates levels of sIgA and IgG in the respiratory tract (right). Antibody kinetics and relative levels are simplified for ease of interpretation. Created with BioRender.com
