Table 1 Key characteristics of an ideal pan-coronavirus vaccine and the relative performance of current best-licensed vaccines
From: In search of a pan-coronavirus vaccine: next-generation vaccine design and immune mechanisms
Ideal pan-coronavirus vaccine | Current best in class licensed vaccine (example mRNA or Ad spike) | |
|---|---|---|
Breadth | All coronavirus family including all current HCoV, SARS-CoV-2 (all variants) and emerging animal coronaviruses | Largely strain/variant specific |
Protection conferred | Protection from infection, transmission, and disease | Protection from severe disease, limited protection from infection |
Durability | Sustained protection from a single dose | Requires boosters every 6–12 months |
Safety Profile | Mild reactogenicity, no severe adverse events | Mild-moderate reactogenicity (mRNA>Ad), rare severe events (e.g., thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome) |
Patient Population | Universal (including immunocompromised) | Potentially universal, boosting now in clinically vunerable only |
Route of Administration | Needle free, mucosal targeting? | Intradermal |
Manufacturing | Scalable for global roll-out | Scalable for global roll-out |
Storage | Room temperature | Adenovirus 2–8’C 1 year [46] |
Cost per dose | Inexpensive and not-for-profit | Adenovirus $2–5, mRNA $10–25 [47] |
