Fig. 2

Decreased ILC2 frequencies in kidneys of mice with IMQ-induced lupus. A–C Spleen morphology (A) and weight (B) (n = 12). Representative images of H&E and PAS staining showing the increased glomerular area in the IMQ model (A, C; n = 7–9). Scale bars, 20 μm. D Serum anti-dsDNA IgG, BUN and creatinine (Cr) levels (n = 6–11). E Gene expression levels of Ifng, Tnf, Mcp-1, Il6, and Il1b in renal tissues were quantified using RT‒qPCR (n = 5). Kidney ILCs (lineage⁻CD127⁺) and CD4⁺ T cells (lineage⁺ CD4⁺) (F) and their percentages among CD45⁺ immune cells (G) in the IMQ model (n = 7–8). H Flow cytometry analysis of Annexin V⁺ apoptotic cells and Ki-67⁺ proliferating cells among ILCs and CD4⁺ T cells (n = 7). I Frequencies of AREG- and IL-5-expressing ILC2s in the IMQ model (n = 8). All results are shown as the means ± SEMs, and the statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‒Whitney U test. ns not significant, *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; and ****P < 0.0001