Fig. 3

Loss of α4β7 expressing ILC2s in lupus nephritis. A Experimental design for intravascular immune cell staining following the tail vein injection of the BV650-CD45 monoclonal antibody. B Comparison of resident (CD69⁺ i.v.CD45⁻) and intravascular (CD69⁻ i.v.CD45⁺) cell compositions between ILC2s and CD4⁺ T cells in the naïve kidney (n = 4). Violin plot showing the expression of integrins (C) and other adhesion- and migration-related molecules (D) across lymphocyte clusters according to the scRNA-seq analysis. E Representative histogram of flow cytometry data for adhesion- and migration-related molecules evaluated in (C, D), excluding S1pr1 and S1pr5, overlaid with the FMO controls. F Heatmap showing the expression of adhesion molecules assessed using flow cytometry in the MRL-lpr and IMQ models, based on the frequency of expressing cells from Fig. 3G, H and Supplementary Fig. 3B, C. G, H Frequency of integrin α4β7-expressing kidney ILC2s in the MRL-lpr (G; n = 4–5) and IMQ lupus models (H; n = 8). I, J Representative flow cytometry plot (I) and frequency of splenic ST2⁺ CD25⁺ ILC2s in the MRL-lpr (n = 5–10) and IMQ lupus models (n = 11–12). All results are shown as the means ± SEMs, and the statistical analysis was performed using the Mann‒Whitney U test or Kruskal‒Wallis test. **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001, and ****P < 0.0001