Table 2 Clinical trials of probiotics as adjuvants in cancer immunotherapy
From: The gut microbiota in cancer immunity and immunotherapy
Cancer type | Study number | Phase | Probiotics | Immunotherapy | Enrollment | Country |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Advanced urothelial carcinoma | NCT06904573 | Phase 2 | Biolosion (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) | Pembrolizumab, Toripalimab | 222 | China |
Bladder urothelial carcinoma | NCT05220124 | Phase 4 | Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Enterococcus | ICB | 190 | China |
Liver cancer | NCT05032014 | N/A | Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probio-M9 | ICB | 46 | China |
Non-small cell lung cancer | NCT04699721 | Phase 2 | Bifidobacterium trifidum | Nivolumab | 60 | China |
Triple negative breast cancer | NCT06768931 | Phase 2 | Biolosion (Lactobacillus rhamnosus, Lactobacillus paracasei, Bifidobacterium lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus) | PD-1 blockade | 192 | China |
Metastatic non-small cell lung cancer | NCT06428422 | N/A | Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis Bl-04 | Nivolumab | 100 | Turkey |
Anal canal squamous cell cancer | NCT03870607 | Phase 2 | Symbioflor® 1 (Enterococcus faecalis) | ICB | 75 | Brazil |
Advanced esophageal squamous cell carcinoma | NCT06401447 | N/A | Clostridium Butyricum MIYAIRI 588 | Sintilimab | 50 | China |
Non-small cell lung cancer | NCT05094167 | N/A | Lactobacillus Bifidobacterium V9 (Lactobacillus rhamnosus) | ICB | 46 | China |
Renal cell carcinoma | NCT03829111 | Phase 1 | Clostridium butyricum CBM 588 | Ipilimumab, Nivolumab | 30 | United States |
Renal cell carcinoma | NCT05122546 | Phase 1 | Clostridium butyricum CBM 588 | Nivolumab | 31 | United States |
Metastatic colorectal cancer | NCT06823323 | N/A | Lactobacillus johnsonii | Pembrolizumab | 150 | China |
