Fig. 8
The metabolic improvements induced by helminth infection during diabetes are partially dependent on IL-9. A IL-9 levels in the pleura of naïve and L. sigmodontis-infected mice at 30 days post-infection (dpi); B plasma IL-9 levels of mice treated with PBS or filarial antigen (LsAg) for 14 days after 12 weeks of high-fat diet (HFD); C insulin tolerance test (ITT), D AUC for ITT; frequencies of E RELMα+ macrophages and F ILC2s in PBS- and LsAg-treated WT and IL-9R KO mice fed a HFD for 12 weeks. Serum G IL-1β and H IL-18 levels in WT and IL-9R KO mice infected with L. sigmodontis at 35 dpi. All experiments were repeated twice, and representative data are shown. @p < 0.05 vs WT + PBS; #p < 0.05 vs IL-9R KO + PBS; *p < 0.05 vs WT + PBS. For C two-way ANOVA, D–F one-way ANOVA and for the rest, two-tailed unpaired t tests were performed
