Fig. 8

Schematic of the diverse functions of liver macrophages in severe alcohol-associated hepatitis. Heavy alcohol consumption damages hepatocytes, leading to the release of CCL2, which attracts numerous infiltrating monocyte-derived macrophages (MoMFs) to the injured liver to replace Kupffer cells. MoMFs include C1Q⁺ macrophages, APOE⁺ macrophages, TNF⁺ macrophages, VSIG4⁺ macrophages, and S100A8⁺ macrophages. C1Q⁺ macrophages are unique in sAH and express various groups of genes that likely play various roles in controlling AH disease progression (Created with Biorender.com)