Fig. 1

a Image of the radial distribution function of the 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, and 6s orbitals. b Emission process of the 4f–4f transition in lanthanide(III) ions. c Emission process of organic molecules and transition metal complexes
a Image of the radial distribution function of the 4f, 5s, 5p, 5d, and 6s orbitals. b Emission process of the 4f–4f transition in lanthanide(III) ions. c Emission process of organic molecules and transition metal complexes