Fig. 3

Green fluorescence images of DCFA-DA-labeled Sao2 tumor cells after incubation with the CaSiO₃ (a), Fe (b) and 30CS (c) scaffolds for 4 h. Fluorescence intensity of the DCFH-DA-labeled Sao2 tumor cells after incubation with the CaSiO₃, Fe, and 30CS scaffolds for 4 h. d Fluorescent intensity from DCFH-DA labeled Sao2 tumor cells after incubation with CaSiO₃, Fe and 30CS scaffolds for 4h. e Relative viability of the Sao2 tumor cells after the different treatments. Confocal images of the Saos2 tumor cells treated with the CaSiO₃ (f–h), Fe (i–k) and 30CS (l–n) scaffolds and then stained with calcein AM (green, live cells) and ethidium homodimer-1 (red, dead cells). The 30CS scaffolds effectively killed the Sao2 tumor cells under the synergistic effects of photothermal ablation and the production of ROS