Fig. 2: Biological study of hydrogels in vitro

a, d Antibacterial sensitivity with agar diffusion test. A digital camera was used to collect images of the control, hydrogel, and DFO-hydrogel samples on days 1, 3, and 5 post-plating of Staphylococcus aureus. Summarized data showed the difference in inhibition zone diameters for Staphylococcus aureus among the different groups. b, e Viability and proliferation of HUVECs seeded on hydrogels with and without DFO. Live and dead staining on the cells subjected to control, hydrogel, and DFO-loaded hydrogel trreatments for 3 days. Cell quantification, using CCK-8, presented as OD value at 450 nm versus culture time in days. No significant difference in cell viability or proliferation was observed among the three groups. Scale bars = 200 μm. c, f Angiogenic potential of the hydrogels in vitro. Fluorescence images of HUVECs subjected to treatment with control, hydrogel, and DFO-loaded hydrogels for the tube-formation assay for 12 h. Length quantification of the tubule network was performed by ImageJ and counted in 5 randomly selected fields. Scale bars = 200 μm