Fig. 1: Characterization of PUA-PEGDA copolymers.

Chemical structures of a PUA, b PEGDA, and c PUA–PEGDA copolymer. d Schematic illustration of crosslinking network structures with PUA–PEGDA. e FTIR spectra of PUA and PUA–PEGDA copolymer films (5, 10, and 15 wt%) measured over the range of 400–4000 cm⁻¹