Fig. 4: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 4: Atomic force microscopy (AFM) images.

From: Smart polymer-based calcium-ion self-regulated nanochannels by mimicking the biological Ca2+-induced Ca2+ release process

Fig. 4

a, b and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) cross-sectional images (c, d) of the copolymer-modified porous anodic alumina (PAA) membrane (a, c) and after treatment with CaCl2 solutions (20 μM) for 10 min at 20 °C (b, d); green lines in the corresponding AFM section profiles. Narrow scan X-ray photoelectron spectra of the copolymer-modified PAA membrane before (f) and after (e, g) treatment with CaCl2 solution (20 μM) for 10 min at 20 °C. e Ca 2p; f, g C 1s. These surfaces were rinsed with water before measurements to eliminate the physical adsorption of Ca2+

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