Fig. 1: XRD Patterns, Raman spectra, XPS spectra, and SEM images of these electrodes.

a XRD patterns. b Raman spectra. c XPS broad survey spectra and core level spectra of: d Co 2p, e N 1s, and f C 1s of (I) Co@CoSA/N-CNT/CC, (II) Co4N@CoSA/N-CNT/CC, and (III) Co4N/CC. SEM images of g–i Co@CoSA/N-CNT/CC and j–l Co4N@Co SAs/N-CNTs/CC.