Fig. 1: Phase diagram showing various magnetic states and inverse thickness dependences of K1 and K2.

a Magnetic phase diagram as functions of \(K_1^{{\mathrm{eff}}}\) and K2, showing four different magnetic states and their energy surfaces. b, c Inverse Co thickness dependence of K1 (b) and K2 (c) for the Pt/Co (tCo)/Cu structure. The error bars in K1 and K2 were obtained from three repeated measurements. The negative slope in (c) indicates negative interfacial K2.