Fig. 2: Measurement of magnetic anisotropy.

a Schematic showing the Hall bar device used for the magnetic anisotropy measurements, together with an optical microscopy image (upper right). The Hall voltage was measured while injecting an in-plane current (Ix) along the x direction. The Hext was applied along θH = 80° to facilitate coherent magnetization behavior. b mz–Hext plots for Pt/Co/X heterostructures. The symbols and dashed lines indicate the results of AHE measurements and macrospin simulations, respectively. c αHext vs. \(1 - m_z^2\,\) plots converted from the results in (b). The solid lines represent the linear fittings to the data.