Fig. 10: Simulation of the toxicity of NPs based on nano-bio interfaces. | NPG Asia Materials

Fig. 10: Simulation of the toxicity of NPs based on nano-bio interfaces.

From: Simulation of nanoparticles interacting with a cell membrane: probing the structural basis and potential biomedical application

Fig. 10

a Spatial distribution of cations and anions in the extracellular area near the cell membrane in the presence of the Al hydroxide nanosheet. b Ion concentration Ci(z) of cations and anions relative to the unperturbed level for the same ion Ci0(z) at a distance z from the cell membrane. c The insert demonstrates an enlarged fragment of the Al hydroxide nanosheet and the cell membrane. Reproduced with permission58. Copyright 2018, American Chemical Society. d Orientation of GN on the cell membrane. Reproduced with permission61. Copyright 2016, American Chemical Society. e Nanopore system with two modes: a graphene nanosheet enters halfway through the membrane (Sim-1), and a graphene nanosheet enters the membrane entirely with equally exposed segments on both sides of the membrane (Sim-2). f Time-dependent number of POPC lipids extracted onto the GN in Sim-1 and Sim-2. Reproduced with permission63. Copyright 2017, American Chemical Society.

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