Fig. 4: Conceptual illustration and examples of liquid patterning approaches via dipping, rotating, and draining of Hy-MAP.

A The process of liquid patterning. Since the effective height and length interchanges in rotation procedure, liquid bursts out except for designated area. B This patterning method was demonstrated by patterning typical words in Hy-MAP. C Liquid droplet patterning by selective draining of liquid after filling liquid in whole structure. Scale bar = 1 cm (ii), 1 mm (iii).