Fig. 4: Regulation of exosomes by biophysical cues.
A 3D culture and TFF treatment facilitated the MSC secretion of more exosomes with higher efficiency in transport capacity. (a) Yield of exosomes isolated by 2D-UC, 2D-TFF, 3D-UC, or 3D-TFF (n = 12). (b) Huntingtin (Htt) mRNA levels in neurons treated with exosomes containing Htt siRNA. (c) Time course of fluorescence in primary neurons treated with exosomes containing Cy3-labeled siRNA. Reproduced with permission51. Copyright 2018, Elsevier. B Mechanical stretch regulated EV release and vesicular miRNA expression in MLE-12 cells. (a) The effects of 10% cyclic stretch (left) and 5% continuous stretch (right) on the number of EVs. *p < 0.05 (b) Volcano graph of the miRNA levels in EVs after 5% continuous stretch (left) and 10% cyclic stretch (right). Reproduced with permission22. Copyright 2020, John Wiley and Sons. C Ionizing radiation influenced exosome abundance and molecular composition to promote tumor cell migration. (a) Exosome abundance at 24 h posttreatment with 2 to 8 Gy of radiation (n = 3). (b) Effect of exosomes on the migration of U87MG cells when used as a chemoattractant or upon preincubation of exosomes with the cells (n = 3). (c) CTGF gene expression levels in U87MG cell-derived exosomes and U87MG cells by qRT‒PCR. Data are shown as the mean ± SEM, n = 3. #p < 0.01, *p < 0.05 (d) Immunoblot analysis of IGFBP2 protein levels in U87MG cell-derived exosomes and U87MG cells. Reproduced with permission58. Copyright 2013, Elsevier.
