Fig. 4: Summary of mined resource production from 2013 to 2022 for several key LIB constituent materials.

The presented mined resource production values are given for the 2013–2022 period and are based on the world’s six largest producers of a Li, b Ni, c Mn, d Co and e natural graphite. The values for 2022 are estimated^{15,143,144,145,146,147,148,149,150}.