Table 2 Solvent extraction systems used for LIB recycling.

From: Lithium-ion battery recycling—a review of the material supply and policy infrastructure

Solvent

System constituent metals

Extraction of target metal(s)

References

PC88A

Li, Co, Ni

≥80% Co

128,129

Cyanex 272

Li, Co, Mn

≥85% Co

130

PC88A and TOA

Li, Co, Cu, Al

≥90% Co

129

Arcoga M5640 and Cyanex 272

Li, Co, Cu, Ni

≥80% Li, ≥97 Co, ≥97 Cu, ≥96 Ni

71,131

HBTA and TOPO

Li, Ni, Co

≥90% Li

132

  1. The solvent details are provided in the text.
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