Fig. 4: Resonant x-ray reflectivity results.

a XAS spectra for σ⁺ and σ⁻ helicity and corresponding XMCD in TEY mode at the Mn L-edge at 12 K. b Temperature-dependent dichroic X-ray reflectivity (I_p-I_m) energy scans across the Mn L-edge. c X-ray reflectivity energy scan for σ⁺ and σ⁻ helicity across the Ti L-edge at 12 K. d Temperature-dependent dichroic X-ray reflectivity energy scans across the Ti L-edge. e Schematic energy level diagrams of the orbital hybridization proposed for FM and AFM spin‒spin coupling between Ti and Mn with preferentially occupied Mn 3d–e_g orbitals and relative occupancies of the Ti 3d-xz,yz orbitals at the electron‒doped titanate and a manganite interface in LSMO/STO heterostructure^58,63.