Fig. 1
From: Targeting adenylate-forming enzymes with designed sulfonyladenosine inhibitors
General mechanism for two half-reactions catalyzed by adenylate-forming enzymes. A carboxylic acid substrate (1.1) (blue) attacks ATP at the α-phosphate (orange) to form a reactive acyl-AMP (acyl adenylate) intermediate (1.2), which then reacts with a nucleophile (green) to form an ester, thioester, or amide product (1.3). In some cases, the second half-reaction is accompanied by a conformational change in the enzyme that leads to active-site remodeling. AMP adenosine-5′-O-monophosphate, ATP adenosine-5′-O-triphosphate
