Table 4 Daily estimated average requirements, nutrient intakes and probability of adequacy by household member

From: Status and determinants of intra-household food allocation in rural Nepal

 

Pregnant women

 

Requirementsa

Intakesb

Probability of adequacy, %

Nutrient

EAR

(SD)

Mean

(SD)

Median

Mean

(SD)

Median

Pregnant women

Energy, kJ/d

–

–

9372

(3056)

8983

–

–

–

Energy, kcal/d

–

–

2239

(730)

2146

–

–

–

Protein, g/d

–

–

68

(24)

65

–

–

–

Vitamin C, mg/d

40

(4.0)

133

(144)

96

91

(24)

100

Vitamin A, RE

370

(74)

486

(449)

359

17

(25)

7

Thiamin, mg/d

1.2

(0.1)

1.5

(0.7)

1.5

65

(39)

86

Riboflavin, mg/d

1.2

(0.1)

1.1

(0.6)

1.0

20

(34)

0

Niacin, mg/d

14

(2.1)

16

(7.1)

15

54

(36)

53

Vitamin B6, mg/d

1.6

(0.2)

2.2

(0.8)

2.1

79

(33)

99

Folate, µg/d

520

(52)

639

(624)

325

24

(40)

0

Vitamin B12, µg/d

2.2

(0.2)

0.8

(0.9)

0.4

0

(0.0)

0

Iron, mg/dc

22

(2.1)

25

(25)

17

20

(36)

0

Zinc, mg/dd

12

(1.5)

11

(4.0)

11

29

(33)

10

Calcium, mg/de

800

(100)

654

(462)

505

14

(31)

0

Mean PA

–

–

–

–

–

37

(20)

36

Mothers-in-law

Energy, kJ/d

–

–

9326

(3324)

9163

–

–

–

Energy, kcal/d

–

–

2228

(794)

2189

–

–

–

Protein, g/d

–

–

67

(28)

65

–

–

–

Vitamin C, mg/d

30

(3.0)

138

(136)

98

96

(17)

100

Vitamin A, RE

270

(54)

511

(646)

333

40

(38)

29

Thiamin, mg/d

0.9

(0.1)

1.5

(0.7)

1.4

88

(28)

100

Riboflavin, mg/d

0.9

(0.1)

1.0

(0.6)

0.9

39

(41)

17

Niacin, mg/d

11

(1.7)

16

(7.2)

16

79

(32)

99

Vitamin B6, mg/d

1.1

(0.1)

2.2

(0.8)

2.1

100

(0)

100

Folate, µg/d

320

(32)

350

(165)

325

34

(38)

14

Vitamin B12, µg/d

2

(0.2)

0.6

(2.1)

0.3

0

(0)

0

Iron, mg/dc

–

–

15

(7)

14

2.7

(7.6)

0

Zinc, mg/dd

7

(0.9)

11

(5)

11

87

(28)

100

Calcium, mg/de

800

(100)

511

(277)

434

6.2

(20)

0

Mean PA

–

–

–

–

–

52

(16)

51

Male household heads

Energy, kJ/d

–

–

11,892

(3692)

12,085

–

–

–

Energy, kcal/d

–

–

2841

(882)

2887

–

–

–

Protein, g/d

–

–

87

(29)

84

–

–

–

Vitamin C, mg/d

40

(4.0)

128

(105)

91

90

(27)

100

Vitamin A, RE

300

(60)

502

(402)

355

45

(38)

36

Thiamin, mg/d

1

(0.1)

2.0

(1.0)

1.9

95

(19)

100

Riboflavin, mg/d

1

(0.1)

1.3

(0.7)

1.2

65

(40)

88

Niacin, mg/d

12

(1.8)

22

(9.8)

21

95

(17)

100

Vitamin B6, mg/d

1.1

(0.1)

2.8

(1.0)

2.7

99

(9)

100

Folate, µg/d

320

(32)

402

(158)

385

60

(41)

77

Vitamin B12, µg/d

2

(0.2)

0.9

(1.2)

0.6

2.7

(15)

0.0

Iron, mg/dc

–

–

19

(6.7)

19

25

(24)

20

Zinc, mg/dd

15

(1.9)

14

(4.7)

14

29

(31)

16

Calcium, mg/de

800

(100)

686

(407)

597

16

(32)

0.1

Mean PA

–

–

–

–

–

57

(17)

60

  1. a EARs using WHO/FAO values (33), unless otherwise stated
  2. b Intakes reported as mean intakes, averaged across the three dietary recalls
  3. c Institute of Medicine values for iron (35). We assumed low bioavailability of iron (5%), except for iron in pregnant women who have higher absorption (23%) during pregnancy. Iron probabilities of adequacy for mothers-in-law and men were calculated using a table of probabilities for different intervals of usual intakes, adapted from IOM but assuming 5% bioavailability
  4. d Based on International Zinc Nutrition Consultative Group (IZiNCG) recommendations (36). We assumed a low bioavailability of zinc (25% absorption for women; 18% for men)
  5. e Institute of Medicine values for calcium (34).
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