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Glycemic responses of three mango varieties in subjects with and without T2D: a pilot crossover study using OTT and CGM

European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2025)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Objectives

Mango consumption is often restricted in diet consumed by people with diabetes due to concerns about its glycemic impact. This study aimed to compare the glycemic effects of mango consumption with those of white bread and glucose in subjects with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).

Methods

We conducted a two-phase study involving 95 participants (45 with T2D, 50 non-diabetic). Phase 1 employed oral tolerance test (OTT) to assess immediate glycemic responses to mango (Safeda, Dasheri, and Langra), bread, and glucose. Phase 2 utilized continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) to evaluate glycemic profiles over three days.

Results

On OTT, in non-diabetic subjects, mango consumption resulted in non-significantly lower postprandial glucose peaks compared to glucose and bread, except Langra variety which showed lowest area under the curve for glucose of borderline significance. In subjects with T2D, mango varieties performed similarly to bread. CGM data revealed that mango consumption over three days resulted in a similar glycemic profile to bread in non-diabetic subjects and a lower glycemic profile in subjects with T2D, though most differences were statistically not significant. Mean Amplitude of Glycemic Excursion (MAGE) was significantly lower after mango ingestion as compared to bread in CGM data in subjects with T2D.

Conclusions

Data show limited glycemic impact of tested mango varieties, comparable to or lower than white bread, especially in T2D subjects. The significant reduction in MAGE observed with mango consumption suggests potential benefits for glycemic variability. With portion control in calorie restrictive diets, mango may be suitable for people with T2D.

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Fig. 1: Mean blood glucose values over five time points during oral tolerance tests in non-diabetic subjects.
Fig. 2: Mean values of serum insulin over five time points during oral tolerance tests in non-diabetic subjects.
Fig. 3: Mean blood glucose values over five time points during oral tolerance tests in subjects with T2D.
Fig. 4: Mean values of serum insulin over five time points during oral tolerance tests subjects with T2D.
Fig. 5: Continuous glucose monitoring profile comparing the average blood glucose values after bread versus mango ingestion in a crossover design among non-diabetic subjects and subjects with diabetes.

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Data availability

All data generated or analysed during this study are included in this published article and its Supplementary Information files.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to all the study participants and the staff at Fortis CDOC Hospital for Diabetes, Metabolic Diseases and Endocrinology, for their cooperation. Special thanks are extended to Dr. Seema Gulati, Dr. Amrita Ghosh, Ms. Koel Dutta, and Ms. Kanika Tyagi for their support throughout the study.

Funding

This project was fully funded from a grant (File Number: 5/9/1309/2020-Nut) from Indian Council of Medial Research (https://www.icmr.gov.in/) New Delhi, India.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Diabetes Foundation (India), New Delhi, India

    Sugandha Kehar, Surya Prakash Bhatt & Anoop Misra

  2. National Diabetes, Obesity and Cholesterol Foundation (N-DOC), New Delhi, India

    Sugandha Kehar & Anoop Misra

  3. Department of Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Surya Prakash Bhatt

  4. Former Professor, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India

    Ravindra M. Pandey

  5. Fortis C-DOC Centre for Excellence for Diabetes, Metabolic Disease, and Endocrinology, New Delhi, India

    Irshad Ahmad Ansari, Vimal Gupta & Anoop Misra

  6. Pinaca Technology, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India

    Rajashekar Reddy Palavalli

Authors
  1. Sugandha Kehar
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Contributions

SK and AM initiated the concept and contributed to the experimental design. SK was responsible for the preparation and storage of the mango pulp, while SK and IAA, VG conducted the study procedures. SPB, RMP, and RSR handled statistical analyses with inputs from AM. Finally, SK and AM prepared the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Anoop Misra.

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Kehar, S., Bhatt, S.P., Pandey, R.M. et al. Glycemic responses of three mango varieties in subjects with and without T2D: a pilot crossover study using OTT and CGM. Eur J Clin Nutr (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01659-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41430-025-01659-1

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