Table 3 (Potential) negative and positive societal implications of EUCS identified in review.

From: Societal implications of expanded universal carrier screening: a scoping review

(Potential) negative implications

Empirical evidence found in searcha

Medicalization

 Supply push

No evidence found in search

 Routinization

Evidence for [55]

 Slippery slope

No evidence found in search

Stigmatization

 Reinforcement of disability-based stigmatization

No evidence found in search

 Stigmatization of carriers/couples opting out of screening

Evidence for [5,6,7, 21, 32, 55]

Evidence against [42, 43, 57]

Discrimination

 Discrimination of carrier couples

Evidence for [5, 21, 32]

Evidence against [42, 43, 57]

 Discrimination of people living with the conditions screened

No evidence found in search

Achieving equal access

 Awareness high-risk groups undermined by universal offer

No evidence found in search

 Reaching target population (unplanned pregnancies, inadequate information provision)

No evidence found in search

 Costs & funding: couples perceived barriers regarding paying for screening

Evidence for [21, 48]

(Potential) positive implications

Stigmatization

 Reduce stigmatization of ethnic groups

No evidence found in search

Achieving equal access

 Equal access for high-risk groups and the general population

No evidence found in search

Other

Achieving equal access

 Costs & funding: cost-effectiveness/fair allocation of healthcare resources

No evidence found in search

  1. EUCS expanded universal carrier screening.
  2. aEmpirical evidence for societal implications was only found in relation to high-risk offers (often for one or few conditions), except for the study of Van Dijke et al. [48].