Table 3 Comparative compendium of the included research articles.

From: The clinical performance of bulk-fill versus the incremental layered application of direct resin composite restorations: a systematic review

Study	Type of Teeth and Restoration	Groups	Teeth Per Group	Etching Method	Adhesive System	Resin	Placement Technique
Salem et al., 2022³⁶	Molar	Bulk Resin + Conventional Resin	18	Ultra-Etch selective enamel etching and rinsing	G-premio Bond	EverX posterior + G-ænial Sculpt	Two-step Bulk
Salem et al., 2022³⁶	(Class II)	Conventional Resin	18	Ultra-Etch selective enamel etching and rinsing	G-premio Bond	G-ænial Sculpt	Incremental
Endo Hoshino et al., 2022³⁴	Premolar (94) and Molar (65)	Bulk Resin + Conventional Resin	53	35% phosphoric acid gel (Ultra-etch) etching and rinsing	Adper Single Bond 2	Filtek Bulk Fill Flow + Filtek Z350XT	Two-step Bulk
	(Class II)	Bulk Resin + Conventional Resin	53		XP Bond2	SureFil SDR + TPH3	Two-step Bulk
	(Class II)	Conventional Resin	53		Peak Universal	Amelogen Plus	Incremental
Sekundo et al., 2022³⁷	Premolar (56) and Molar (64)	Bulk resin	60	35% phosphoric acid (Scotchbond Universal Etchant) selective enamel etching and rinsing	3M Scotchbond Universal adhesive	Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior	Bulk
Sekundo et al., 2022³⁷	(Class II)	Conventional resin	60		3M Scotchbond Universal adhesive	Filtek Supreme XTE	Incremental
Hardan et al., 2021⁶	Premolar and Molar	Bulk resin	30	32% phosphoric acid gel (Scotchbond universal) etching and rinsing	Two-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond	Filtek bulk-fill Posterior Restorative	Bulk
Hardan et al., 2021⁶	(Class I)	Conventional resin	30		Two-step etch-and-rinse Adper Single Bond	Filtek Z250XT	Incremental
Durão et al., 2021³²	Premolar (46) and Molar (92)	Bulk resin	46	37% phosphoric acid selective enamel etching and rinsing	Clearfil SE Bond	Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill	Bulk
	(Class I [101] and Class II [37])	Bulk resin	46			Filtek Bulk Fill	Bulk
	(Class I [101] and Class II [37])	Conventional resin	46			Filtek Z250 XT	Incremental
Balkaya & Arslan, 2020³⁸	Premolar (51) and Molar (58)	Bulk resin	38	Self-etch	Single Bond Universal adhesive	Filtek Bulk Fill Posterior Restorative	Bulk
Balkaya & Arslan, 2020³⁸	(Class II)	Conventional resin	37	Self-etch	Single Bond Universal adhesive	Charisma Smart Composite	Incremental
Frascino et al., 2020³³	Premolar (94) and Molar (65)	Bulk Resin + Conventional Resin	53	35% phosphoric acid gel etching and rinsing	XP Bond	SureFil SDR + TPH3	Two-step Bulk (4 mm + 2 mm)
	(Class II)	Bulk Resin + Conventional Resin	53		Adper Single Bond 2	Filtek Bulk Fill Flow + Filtek Z350XT	Two-step Bulk (4 mm + 2 mm)
	(Class II)	Conventional Resin	53		Peak Universal	Amelogen Plus	Incremental
Al-Sheikh, 2019³⁵	Molar	Bulk resin	40	Tetric N-Etch etching and rinsing	Tetric N-Bond Total-Etch	Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill	Bulk
Al-Sheikh, 2019³⁵	(Class I)	Conventional resin	40	Tetric N-Etch etching and rinsing	Tetric N-Bond Total-Etch	Tetric EvoCeram	Incremental
Heck et al., 2018³⁹	Molar	Bulk resin	46	Self-etch	Xeno III	QuiXfil	Bulk
Heck et al., 2018³⁹	(Class II [82] and Class I [14])	Conventional resin	50	37% phosphoric acid etching and rinsing	Syntac classic	Tetric N-Ceram	Incremental
Atabek et al., 2017⁴⁰	Molar	Bulk resin	30	Self-etch	OptiBond All-In-One	SonicFill	Bulk with sonic activation
Atabek et al., 2017⁴⁰	(Class I)	Conventional resin	30	Self-etch	OptiBond All-In-One	Herculite Ultra	Incremental
Bayraktar et al., 2017⁴¹	Premolar (95) and Molar (105)	Bulk resin	50	Self-etch	AdheSE Bond	Tetric EvoCeram Bulk-Fill	Bulk
	(Class II)	Bulk resin+ Conventional resin	50		Single Bond Universal	Filtek Bulk-Fill Flowable +Filtek P60	Two-step Bulk (4 mm + 2mm)
		Bulk resin	50		OptiBond All-In-One	SonicFill	Bulk with sonic activation
		Conventional resin	50		Clearfil SE Bond	Clearfil Photo Posterior	Incremental
Colak et al., 2017⁴²	Premolar (24) and Molar (50)	Bulk resin	37	Self-etch	AdheSE Bond	Tetric EvoCeram bulk-fill	Bulk
Colak et al., 2017⁴²	(Class II)	Conventional resin	37	Self-etch	AdheSE Bond	Tetric EvoCeram	Incremental
Karaman et al., 2017⁴³	Premolar (41) and Molar (53)	Bulk resin + Conventional resin	47	35% phosphoric acid gel etching and rinsing	Adper Single Bond 2	x-tra base + GrandioSO	Two-step Bulk (4 mm+ 2 mm)
Karaman et al., 2017⁴³	(Class II)	Conventional resin	47	35% phosphoric acid gel etching and rinsing	Adper Single Bond 2	Aelite Flo + GrandioSO	Incremental
Van Dijken & Pallesen, 2017⁴⁴	Premolar (47) and Molar (59)	Bulk resin + Conventional resin	53	Self-etch	XenoV	SDR flowable + Ceram X mono	Two-step Bulk (4 mm+ 2 mm)
Van Dijken & Pallesen, 2017⁴⁴	(Class I and Class II)	Conventional resin	53	Self-etch	XenoV	Ceram X mono	Incremental
Yazici et al., 2017⁴⁵	Premolar (54) and Molar (50)	Bulk resin	52	Etching and rinsing	Excite F	Tetric EvoCeram Bulk Fill	Bulk
Yazici et al., 2017⁴⁵	(Class II)	Conventional resin	52	Etching and rinsing	Adper Single Bond 2	Filtek Ultimate	Incremental
Alkurdi & Abboud, 2016⁴⁶	Premolar and Molar	Bulk resin	20	37% phosphoric acid etching and rinsing	Tetric N-Bond	Tertic N Ceram Bulk Fill	Bulk
	(Class II)	Bulk resin	20			SonicFill	Bulk with sonic activation
	(Class II)	Conventional resin	20			Tetric Evo Ceram	Incremental
Van Dijken & Pallesen, 2016⁴⁷	Premolar (67) and Molar (133)	Bulk Resin + Conventional resin	100	Self-etch	XenoV	Ceram X mono	Incremental
Van Dijken & Pallesen, 2016⁴⁷	(Class II [124] and Class I [76])	Conventional Resin	100	Self-etch	XenoV	SDR flowable + Ceram X mono	Two-step Bulk (4 mm + 2 mm)
Manhart et al., 2010⁴⁸	Molar	Bulk resin	46	37% phosphoric acid etching and rinsing	Xeno III	QuiXfil	Bulk
Manhart et al., 2010⁴⁸	(Class II and Class I)	Conventional resin	50	37% phosphoric acid etching and rinsing	Syntac classic	Tetric Ceram	Incremental

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Table 3 Comparative compendium of the included research articles.

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