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Nutrition and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Evidence-Based Dentistry volume 26, page 109 (2025)Cite this article

Subjects

Abstract

Background

Understanding the interplay between nutrition and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults is crucial amidst the global aging population. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore this association, recognizing the growing prevalence of older individuals and the imperative of addressing their health needs for enhanced well-being.

Materials and methodology

Following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, relevant studies were identified through electronic database searches and manual screening. Included were studies investigating the relationship between nutritional status, assessed via the Geriatric Oral Health Assessment Index (GOHAI), and OHRQoL in individuals aged 60 years and older. Quality assessment adhered to Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) criteria, and statistical analysis was conducted using Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Software Version 3.

Results

Out of 566 initial records, 14 full-text articles were assessed, with 4 studies meeting the inclusion criteria for meta-analysis. A consistent association emerged between lower nutritional assessment scores and poor OHRQoL among the older adults. Significant relationships were identified between poor oral health indicators, as measured by GOHAI, and an elevated risk of malnutrition. Particularly noteworthy was the role of negative self-perception of oral health as a significant predictor of nutritional deficits, emphasizing the importance of OHRQoL instruments in complementing clinical measurements.

Discussion

The findings underscore the predictive capacity of oral health indicators in assessing nutritional well-being in older individuals. Despite previous studies reporting mixed findings, this review contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the association between nutrition and OHRQoL, highlighting the significance of addressing oral health concerns to enhance overall nutritional outcomes in the older adult population.

Conclusion

This systematic review and meta-analysis emphasize the significant association between nutrition and OHRQoL among older adults. Highlighting the importance OHRQoL instruments that can complement objective clinical measurements and serve as predictors of malnutrition, particularly among this population. Offering vital insights for stakeholders, policymakers, and public health officials to promote the overall well-being and quality of life of older adults.

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Data availability

The data are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

The author(s) received no specific funding for this work.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India

    Neha Chauhan, Sarah Paul & Sasidharan S

  2. Division of Public Health Dentistry, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 110 029, India

    Bharathi M. Purohit & Harsh Priya

  3. Division of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Deformities, Centre for Dental Education and Research, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, 110029, India

    Ritu Duggal

Authors
  1. Neha Chauhan
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  2. Sarah Paul
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  6. Sasidharan S
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Contributions

NC conceptualized the study, contributed to the study design, data extraction, analysis, and wrote the first draft of the manuscript. SP assisted in data collection, analysis, and critically reviewed and revised the manuscript. BMP provided guidance on the methodological framework, supervised the study, and contributed to the manuscript’s final revision. RD contributed to the study design and provided expert input in data interpretation and manuscript revision. HP contributed to the study design, supervised the overall project, and was involved in the final review and editing of the manuscript. SS participated in data extraction and initial manuscript drafting.

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Correspondence to Harsh Priya.

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Chauhan, N., Paul, S., Purohit, B.M. et al. Nutrition and oral health-related quality of life (OHRQoL) in older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Evid Based Dent 26, 109 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-024-01088-2

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