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Questionnaires related to Evidence-Based Practice applied to dentists, faculty members or dental students: a scoping review

Evidence-Based Dentistry volume 26, pages 148–149 (2025)Cite this article

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Abstract

Background

Numerous instruments have been suggested to analyze the essential Evidence-Based Dentistry (EBD) dimensions, but it is unclear whether they were comprehensive and validated appropriately.

Aim

To investigate instruments that assess EBD-related dimensions.

Methods

We included primary studies involving dentists, faculty members, or dental students at any level of professional career that described validation or translation/transcultural adaptation processes of EBD instruments or reported the application of such instruments. Searches were conducted at PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Scopus, along with manual searches in EBD journals, Google Scholar and reference lists. Descriptive data were collected and standardized in tables, and summarized.

Results

Fifty studies were included. The KACE (Knowledge, Attitudes, Access, and Confidence Evaluation) instrument demonstrated clarity, internal consistency, face validity, discriminant validity, and responsiveness, but neglected important dimensions such as EBD-related practices, patient benefits, barriers/facilitators, and willingness to learn and disseminate EBD practices. The modified Berlin questionnaire designed to measure perceived/actual knowledge, showed clarity, internal consistency, content validity, and discriminant validity, but lacked data on reproducibility, face validity, construct validity, and responsiveness. Other questionnaires, while broader, had significant limitations in reported reliability and validation.

Conclusions

Although the KACE instrument and the modified Berlin questionnaire underwent relatively rigorous reliability and validation testing, they were considered insufficiently comprehensive. When analyzed together, other questionnaires were found to be relatively more comprehensive, but they exhibited more significant limitations regarding reported reliability and validation assessments. This suggests the need for a novel instrument that fulfills a more significant number of validation phases and EBD-related dimensions.

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Data availability

Data is available for from the corresponding author on request.

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Funding

This work was supported by Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Dentistry of Ribeirão Preto – University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Viviane Oliveira Prado, Rafaela Manente & Paulo Nelson-Filho

  2. Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada

    Carlos Flores-Mir

  3. Harvard School of Dental Medicine, Massachusetts, USA

    Magda Feres

  4. School of Dentistry, Federal University of Espírito Santo, Espírito Santo, Brazil

    Luciana Faria Sanglard

  5. Faculty of Dentistry - University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil

    Murilo Fernando Neuppmann Feres

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  1. Viviane Oliveira Prado
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  2. Carlos Flores-Mir
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  4. Luciana Faria Sanglard
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  6. Paulo Nelson-Filho
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Contributions

Viviane Oliveira Prado: Conception of the work, acquisition of data, data analysis, interpretation of data, drafting the work, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version. Carlos Flores-Mir: Contributions to the design of the work, data analysis, interpretation of data, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version. Magda Feres: Contributions to the design of the work, data analysis, interpretation of data, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version. Luciana Faria Snaglard: Interpretation of data, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version. Rafaela Manente: Acquisition of data, drafting the work, final approval of the submitted version. Paulo Nelson-Filho: Contributions to the design of the work, interpretation of data, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version. Murilo Fernando Neuppmann Feres: Conception of the work, acquisition of data, data analysis, interpretation of data, drafting the work, critical review for intellectual content, final approval of the submitted version.

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Correspondence to Viviane Oliveira Prado.

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Oliveira Prado, V., Flores-Mir, C., Feres, M. et al. Questionnaires related to Evidence-Based Practice applied to dentists, faculty members or dental students: a scoping review. Evid Based Dent 26, 148–149 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41432-025-01136-5

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