Fig. 1: Schematic representation of the genomes and characterization of recombinant viruses.

The F gene, HN gene fragment or both of pClone30 were exchanged with that of Anhinga by overlap PCR (yellow), including the chimeric virus expressing the HN gene (a rClone30-Anh(HN)), F gene (b rClone30-Anh(F)) or both (c rClone30-Anh(HN-F)) of Anhinga virus. d Growth curves of recombinant Newcastle viruses. Primary chicken embryo fibroblasts cells (CEF) were infected with rClone30, rClone30-Anh(HN), rClone30-Anh(F), rClone30-Anh(HN-F), and rAnh at MOI of 0.1. Cell monolayers were lysed at 12, 24, 48, and 72 h post-infection for intracellular titer measurement by TCID50 analysis.