Table 3 Summary of evidence implicating possibly pathogenic genes in epileptic encephalopathies

From: Evaluating the pathogenic potential of genes with de novo variants in epileptic encephalopathies

Gene

Hotspot variant (no.)

Other dominantly inherited epilepsy phenotype

Funotype related to epilepsy

Ion channel

 SCN2A

A263 (4), R853 (4), E999 (3), L1342 (3), R1882 (5)

BFNS

GOF

BFNS

LOF?

 SCN8A

R850 (3), R1617 (4), A1650 (3), R1872 (13)

BFIS (UD)

GOF

LOF?

 KCNA1

/

EA/myokymiaa (UD)

LOF?

 KCNA2

R297 (7), T374 (3), P405 (4)

HSPa

LOF

/

GOF?

 CACNA1A

A713 (3)

EA/FHMa

/

 GABRA1

M263 (3)

IGE, JME

LOF

 GABRB1

/

/

LOF

 GABRB2

Y244 (4)

/

LOF

 GABRB3

/

CAE

LOF

 GRIN2A

/

FE

GOF

FE

LOF?

 GRIN2D

/

/

GOF

 HCN1

/

/

LOF

/

/

GOF?

Non-ion channel

 ANKRD11

/

KBGSa

/

 ATP1A2

/

FHMa

/

 DNM1L

/

/

LOF

 DYNC1H1

/

MRa

/

 EEF1A2

G70 (4), E122 (3)

/

/

 FOXG1

/

RTTa

/

 HECW2

R1330 (3)

/

/

 NACC1

R298 (4)

/

/

 NEDD4L

/

PNHa (UD)

/

 NTRK2

Y434 (4)

/

/

 SLC2A1

/

Dystoniaa

LOF

 SYNGAP1

/

/

LOF

 YWHAG

R132 (3)

/

/

X-linked

 ALG13

N107 (6)

/

/

 MECP2

/

RTTa

LOF

 PIGA

/

/

LOF

 SLC9A6

/

MRa

/

  1. Hotspot variants listed here are those that have been observed in no less than three unrelated cases
  2. BFIS benign familial infantile seizures, BFNS benign familial infantile seizures, CAE childhood absence epilepsy, EA episodic ataxia, FE focal epilepsy, FHM familial hemiplegic migraine, GOF gain of function, HSP hereditary spastic paraplegia, IGE idiopathic generalized epilepsies, JME juvenile myoclonic epilepsy, KBGS KBG syndrome, LOF loss of function, MR mental retardation, PNH periventricular nodular heterotopia, RTT Rett syndrome, UD functional alteration not determined missense
  3. aPhenotype with seizures