Table 1 Overview of the maternal CNVs detected by NIPS and classification steps

From: Maternal copy-number variations in the DMD gene as secondary findings in noninvasive prenatal screening

Family ID

Type and position

Evaluation by means of databases

Segregation

Reading frame

Final classification

Fetal sex

Del/Dup

Exon

Leiden OVD

France UMD-DMD

Database Classification

1

Del

51

DMD

DMD

DMD

Son DMD

Out-of-frame

DMD

M

2

Dup

45–53

78 BMD, 16DMD

48 BMD

Likely BMD

Nephew age 12 clinically NL, CK 1454 U/L; father age 69 carrier NL

In-frame

Mild BMD or likely benign

F

3

Del

10–16

1 BMD

1 BMD

Likely BMD

Father carrier mild BMD

In-frame

Mild BMD

M

4

Del

14–21

1 DMD

Absent

Likely DMD

NI (maternal)

Out-of-frame

Likely DMD

M

5

Del

45–51

21 BMD, 12 DMD

6 BMD, 1 DMD

Variable

NI (de novo)

In-frame

Variable

M

6

Del

49

1 BMD, 7 DMD

Absent

Likely DMD

Parents unavailable

In-frame

Likely DMD

M

7

Del

50–55

2 DMD

Absent

Likely DMD

ND

In-frame

Likely DMD

M

8

Del

48–49

47 BMD, 11 DMD

1 DCM, 30 BMD, 2 NL

Variable

ND

In-frame

Variable

M

9

Del

52–53

3 DMD, 1 BMD, 1 NL

Absent

Variable

ND

In-frame

Variable

F

10

Dup

10–27

3 cases (no phenotype)

Absent

VUS

Father carrier NL

In-frame

Likely benign

F

11

Dup

10–27

3 cases (no phenotype)

Absent

VUS

NI (maternal)

In-frame

Likely benign

F

12

Dup

10–27

3 cases (no phenotype)

Absent

VUS

ND

In-frame

Likely benign

M

13

Del

54–55

1 case (no phenotype)

Absent

VUS

Son age 3 clinically NL, CK 881 U/L; father carrier NL

In-frame

Likely benign

M

14

Dup

51–62

1 case (no phenotype)

Absent

VUS

NI (maternal, son NL noncarrier)

Out-of-frame

Likely DMD

F

15

Del

51–64

absent

Absent

VUS

ND

In-frame

VUS

M

16

Del

56–59

absent

Absent

VUS

ND

In-frame

VUS

M

  1. BMD Becker muscular dystrophy, CK creatin kinase, CNVs copy-number variations, DCM dilated cardiomyopathy, Del deletion, DMD Duchenne muscular dystrophy, Dup duplication, F female, M male, ND not determined, NI not informative, NIPS noninvasive prenatal screening, NL normal, pheno phenotype, VUS variant of unknown significance.