Table 2 Outcomes in the intervention arm only, stratified by genomic risk category.

From: Impact of personal genomic risk information on melanoma prevention behaviors and psychological outcomes: a randomized controlled trial

 

Follow-up 1 or 2

Intervention effecta (95% confidence interval) for the average and high genomic risk groups relative to the low genomic risk group (reference category)

Low genomic risk

Average genomic risk

High genomic risk

P valuec

  

n = 104/104b

n = 264/2562

n = 127/1262

 

Behavioral outcome—objectively measured

  

% difference (95% CI)

% difference (95% CI)

 

 UV exposure, SEDs/day

1

Ref

−8.80 (22.10, 6.78)

−6.99 (−22.06, 10.99)

0.38

2

Ref

3.79 (−4.51, 12.81)

−0.58 (−9.55, 9.26)

0.34

Behavioral outcomes—self-reported

  

Mean difference (95% CI)

Mean difference (95% CI)

 

 Sun exposure, total hours/day

1

Ref

0.00 (−0.28, 0.28)

−0.06 (−0.38, 0.26)

0.89

2

Ref

0.02 (−0.26, 0.30)

−0.15 (−0.47, 0.17)

0.41

 Sun Protection Index (total score); 1never/rarely–4always

1

Ref

0.05 (−0.03, 0.14)

0.16 (0.06, 0.25)

0.005

 

2

Ref

−0.07 (−0.16, 0.02)

0.02 (−0.08, 0.12)

0.07

 Limit midday sun exposure

1

Ref

−0.07 (−0.24, 0.10)

0.15 (−0.04, 0.35)

0.02

2

Ref

−0.07 (−0.24, 0.11)

0.01 (−0.19, 0.21)

0.58

 Stay in shade

1

Ref

0.09 (−0.07, 0.26)

0.13 (−0.07, 0.32)

0.41

2

Ref

0.00 (−0.16, 0.17)

0.09 (−0.10, 0.28)

0.54

 Wear a hat

1

Ref

0.08 (−0.08, 0.24)

0.13 (−0.05, 0.32)

0.36

2

Ref

−0.04 (−0.20, 0.13)

0.10 (−0.09, 0.28)

0.22

 Wear long-sleeved shirt

1

Ref

0.16 (−0.02, 0.33)

0.23 (0.03, 0.42)

0.08

2

Ref

0.02 (−0.15, 0.20)

0.05 (−0.15, 0.25)

0.88

 Wear sunglasses

1

Ref

0.11 (−0.04, 0.26)

0.18 (0.01, 0.35)

0.12

2

Ref

−0.10 (−0.25, 0.05)

0.05 (−0.12, 0.22)

0.08

 Wear sunscreen

1

Ref

−0.01 (−0.19, 0.16)

0.18 (−0.02, 0.38)

0.06

2

Ref

−0.19 (−0.37, −0.01)

−0.11 (−0.32, 0.09)

0.12

 Intentional tanning frequency; 1never–5always

1

Ref

0.11 (0.00, 0.22)

0.00 (−0.12, 0.13)

0.04

2

Ref

0.00 (−0.11, 0.11)

0.02 (−0.14, 0.10)

0.91

   

Relative risk (95% CI)

Relative risk (95% CI)

 

 Sunburn

1

Ref

1.15 (0.58, 2.29)

1.13 (0.52, 2.48)

0.92

2

Ref

1.89 (0.86, 4.19)

1.97 (0.84, 4.65)

0.26

 Whole-body skin examination

1

Ref

0.95 (0.63, 1.42)

0.87 (0.54, 1.40)

0.84

2

Ref

1.03 (0.81, 1.30)

1.19 (0.93, 1.53)

0.26

Psychological outcomes

  

Mean difference (95% CI)

Mean difference (95% CI)

 

 Melanoma-related worry; 1less–5more

1

Ref

−0.02 (−0.13, 0.08)

0.11 (−0.01, 0.23)

0.03

2

Ref

0.04 (−0.07, 0.14)

0.18 (0.05, 0.30)

0.007

 Psychological distress & well-being; 0low–100high

1

Ref

0.54 (−1.69, 2.78)

−2.70 (−5.25, −0.15)

0.008

2

Ref

−1.41 (−3.66, 0.84)

−2.20 (−4.77, 0.36)

0.24

  1. CI confidence interval, SEDstandard erythemal dose.
  2. aAdjusted for baseline measurements, randomization stratification variables (sex, age group, state/territory of residence), and risk group by follow-up interaction.
  3. bRefers to number at follow-up 1/follow-up 2, based on Sun Protection Index total score.
  4. cP value for UV exposure (SEDs/day) differences between genomic risk groups used an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). P value for differences between genomic risk groups for all other variables used generalized linear mixed models (GLMMs) with random intercepts for continuous outcome measures, and generalized estimating equations (GEEs) with a log link function for binary outcome measures.
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