Table 1 Descriptive data and corresponding Mann–Whitney U tests indicating difference in spatial genetic structure for male vs. female black bears (Ursus americanus)

From: Spatial genetic structure in American black bears (Ursus americanus): female philopatry is variable and related to population history

Population

N

Females

Males

Location

Density

W

P

Historic

 OU

77

43

34

IH

14 (9–22)a

1196

<0.0001

 OZ

96

48

48

IH

25 (20–29)a

857

0.0149

 TN

22

11

11

SA

34 (22–46)b

74

0.4009

 VA

8

2

6

SA

46c

 WV

29

16

13

SA

59

0.0499

Recent

 OK

20

11

9

IH

21d

10

0.0015

 MO–MO

78

52

26

IH

1.7 (1.1–2.4)e

1326

<0.0001

 MO–OZ

32

12

20

IH

1.7 (1.1–2.4)e

104

0.5518

 BSF

19

7

12

SA

58

0.1956

 PM

84

26

58

SA

26 (18–37)f

1359

<0.0001

  1. Sample size (total, N; and by sex) for each population, location within either the Interior Highlands (IH) or Southern Appalachians (SA), population density per 100 km2 with 95% CI if available, and Mann–Whitney U test with W statistic and P-value comparing male and female slopes of geographic vs. genetic distance within each population. Populations from the Interior Highlands included: Arkansas Ouachita Mountains (OU), Arkansas Ozark Mountains (OZ), Oklahoma Ouachita Mountains (OK), Missouri Ozark Mountains with MO genotypes (MO–MO), Missouri Ozark Mountains with OZ genotypes (MO–OZ); from the Southern Appalachians: Tennessee Appalachian Mountains (TN), Virginia Appalachian Mountains (VA), West Virginia Appalachian Mountains (WV), Kentucky Big South Fork (BSF), and Kentucky Pine Mountain (PM)
  2. Bold values indicate statistical significance.
  3. a Kristensen (2013)
  4. b McLean and Pelton (1994)
  5. c Tredick and Vaughan (2009)
  6. d Bales et al. (2005)
  7. e Wilton et al. (2014). Note that density for MO–MO and MO–OZ was jointly estimated
  8. f Murphy et al. (2016)