Table 1 Descriptive data and corresponding Mann–Whitney U tests indicating difference in spatial genetic structure for male vs. female black bears (Ursus americanus)

Population	N	Females	Males	Location	Density	W	P
Historic
OU	77	43	34	IH	14 (9–22)^a	1196	<0.0001
OZ	96	48	48	IH	25 (20–29)^a	857	0.0149
TN	22	11	11	SA	34 (22–46)^b	74	0.4009
VA	8	2	6	SA	46^c	–	–
WV	29	16	13	SA	–	59	0.0499
Recent
OK	20	11	9	IH	21^d	10	0.0015
MO–MO	78	52	26	IH	1.7 (1.1–2.4)^e	1326	<0.0001
MO–OZ	32	12	20	IH	1.7 (1.1–2.4)^e	104	0.5518
BSF	19	7	12	SA	–	58	0.1956
PM	84	26	58	SA	26 (18–37)^f	1359	<0.0001

Sample size (total, N; and by sex) for each population, location within either the Interior Highlands (IH) or Southern Appalachians (SA), population density per 100 km² with 95% CI if available, and Mann–Whitney U test with W statistic and P-value comparing male and female slopes of geographic vs. genetic distance within each population. Populations from the Interior Highlands included: Arkansas Ouachita Mountains (OU), Arkansas Ozark Mountains (OZ), Oklahoma Ouachita Mountains (OK), Missouri Ozark Mountains with MO genotypes (MO–MO), Missouri Ozark Mountains with OZ genotypes (MO–OZ); from the Southern Appalachians: Tennessee Appalachian Mountains (TN), Virginia Appalachian Mountains (VA), West Virginia Appalachian Mountains (WV), Kentucky Big South Fork (BSF), and Kentucky Pine Mountain (PM)
Bold values indicate statistical significance.
^a Kristensen (2013)
^b McLean and Pelton (1994)
^c Tredick and Vaughan (2009)
^d Bales et al. (2005)
^e Wilton et al. (2014). Note that density for MO–MO and MO–OZ was jointly estimated
^f Murphy et al. (2016)

Quick links

Search