Table 1 Basic cytogenetic data in Varanidae

From: Conserved sex chromosomes and karyotype evolution in monitor lizards (Varanidae)

Clade

Species

Subspecies

Reference

2n

Karyotype

Sex chromosomes

niloticus clade

V. albigularis

 

King and King (1975)*1

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

ZW

 

albigularis

Present study

3n = 60‡

60: 24(12,12) 36

 

V. exanthematicus

 

De Smet (1981)†

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

 
  

Srikulnath et al. (2013)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 
  

Present study

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 

V. griseus

griseus

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(16,0) 24

 
  

De Smet (1981)†

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. niloticus

niloticus

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

ZW

  

Porter et al. (1994)

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

 

indicus clade

V. indicus

indicus

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. beccarii

 

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. boehmei

 

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. macraei

 

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. prasinus

 

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

salvator clade

V. bengalensis

 

Dutt (1968)†

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

 
 

bengalensis

Singh et al. (1970), Singh (1974)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 
  

De Smet (1981)†

40

40: 16(16,0) 24

 
  

Patawang et al. (2017a, 2017b)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. flavescens

 

Singh et al. (1970), Singh (1974)

40

40:16(14,2) 24

 

V. nebulosus

 

King and King (1975)*2

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. rudicollis

 

Gorman and Gress (1970)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 
  

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. salvator

salvator

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 
  

De Smet (1981)†

40

40: 16(16,0) 24

 
 

macromaculatus

Srikulnath et al. (2013)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 
  

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

varius clade

V. varius

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. komodoensis

 

Johnson Pokorná et al. (2016)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

gouldii clade

V. giganteus

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 

V. gouldii

 

Matthey (1931)†

40

40: 16(8,8) 24

 
 

gouldii

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 
 

flavirufus

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 
  

Matsubara et al. (2014)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

ZW

V. mertensi

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 
  

Present study

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

ZW

V. panoptes

horni

Present study

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 

V. rosenbergi

 

King and King (1975)*3

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 
  

Matsubara et al. (2014)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

ZW

V. spenceri

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(10,6) 24

 

tristis clade

V. glauerti

 

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. scalaris

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. semiremex

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. timorensis

similis

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. tristis

orientalis

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

acanthurus clade

V. acanthurus

 

King et al. (1982)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

  

Matsubara et al. (2014)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

  

Present study

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

ZW

V. gilleni

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 

V. storri

 

King and King (1975)

40

40: 16(14,2) 24

 
  1. Karyotypes are described as follows: diploid chromosome number: number of macrochromosomes (number of bi-armed macrochromosomes, number of uniarmed macrochromosomes) number of microchromosomes
  2. *1 Referred as V. exanthematicus albigularis therein
  3. *2 Referred as V. bengalensis nebulosus therein
  4. *3 Referred as V. gouldii rosenbergi therein
  5. † Karyotypes described in these references were not considered in the ancestral state reconstruction
  6. ‡ Likely a case of spontaneous triploidy
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