Table 1 AMOVA significance testing table.

From: The effects of drift and selection on latitudinal genetic variation in Scandinavian common toads (Bufo bufo) following postglacial recolonisation

Test

Obs

Std.Obs

Alter

p value

Variation within populations

1799.786

−36.862

Less

0.001

Variation between populations

301.157

38.098

Greater

0.001

Variation between lineages

793.956

7.332

Greater

0.002

  1. Significance is based on a randomization test with 999 permutations. Hierarchy for the AMOVA was populations within lineages for common toads. Lineage was defined as the northern regions (Västerbotten + Norrbotten) and the southern regions (Skåne + Uppland). “Obs” is observed variance at hierarchical levels, “Std.Obs” is the observation in the randomized data, and “Alter” refers to if the observed value is less or greater than random expectations for the alternative hypothesis.
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