Fig. 3: Intra- and interspecific patterns of demographic change among two bears.
A Change in effective population size (Ne) over time (estimated using MSMC2) in geographically structured populations of brown (Ursus arctos; dashed lines; green- southern Europe; maroon- Japan; dark brown- ABC Islands; light brown- Lower 48, USA) and American black (U. americanus; solid lines; blue- eastern; orange- western; purple- northern SE Alaska) bears. Lineage divergence patterns are shown as B the probability that two lineages are a single population decreases over time, and the rate of that divergence is influenced by the C bidirectional gene flow (estimated with MSMC-IM). Each line represents a comparison between two lineages, including: brown- Lower 48 and southern European brown bears; black- western and eastern American black bears; and rose- Lower 48 U. arctos and western U. americanus. Light grey background indicates glacial periods with labels for times described in the main text (left to right: Marine Isotope Stages 2, 4, and 6).
