Fig. 3: Change in mean true breeding values of selection candidates since the end of Initialization and their relative difference between Alt and Base for the breeding goal and per trait, after 20 years, for scenarios with a null genetic correlation between worker and queen effects within a trait.

H: breeding goal. The first number in the subscript refers to the weight on the early trait and the second number to the weight on the late trait. Base: reference breeding scheme with complete phenotyping and a 2-years generation interval on both the dam and the sire path. Alt: accelerated breeding scheme in which only the early trait is phenotyped on potential dams, while potential sires are also phenotyped on the late trait. Partial phenotyping of the dams enables halving the dam generation interval to 1 year. Breeding values are calculated as the change since the end of the Initialization phase and after 20 years of selection following the Base or Alt breeding scheme. Text values shown represent the relative differences between the outcomes of Alt and Base, calculated within repetitions and averaged across repetitions. These averaged relative differences were calculated for each trait (within bars) or for the breeding goal (above the stacked bars).